Japan’s prime minister and leader of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Sanae Takaichi, speaks during an election campaign event ahead of the Feb. 8 snap election, in Tokyo on Feb. 7, 2026.
Kim Kyung-hoon | Reuters
Polls opened Sunday in parliamentary elections that Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi hopes will give her struggling party a big enough win to push through an ambitious conservative political agenda.
Takaichi is hugely popular, but the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, which has governed Japan for most of the last seven decades, is not. She called Sunday’s snap elections, hoping to turn that around.
She wants to make progress on a right-wing agenda that aims to boost Japan’s economy and military capabilities as tensions grow with China. She also nurtures ties with her crucial U.S. ally, and a sometimes unpredictable President Donald Trump.
The ultraconservative Takaichi, who took office as Japan’s first female leader in October, pledged to “work, work, work,” and her style, which is seen as both playful and tough, has resonated with younger fans.
The latest surveys indicated a landslide victory for the LDP in the lower house. The opposition, despite the formation of a new centrist alliance and the rise of the far right, is seen as too splintered to be a real challenger.
Takaichi is betting that her LDP party, together with its new partner, the Japan Innovation Party, will secure a majority in the 465-seat lower house, the more powerful of Japan’s two-chamber parliament.
Recent surveys by major Japanese newspapers suggest that Takaichi’s party could win a simple majority on its own, while her coalition could win as many as 300 seats — a big jump from the thin majority it held since a 2024 election loss.
If the LDP fails to win a majority, “I will step down,” she said.
A big win by Takaichi’s coalition could mean a significant shift to the right in Japan’s security, immigration and other policies. Japan has recently seen far-right populists gain ground, such as the anti-globalist, surging nationalist party Sanseito.
Takaichi has pledged to revise security and defense policies by December to bolster Japan’s offensive military capabilities, lifting a ban on weapons exports and moving further away from the country’s postwar pacifist principles.
She has been pushing for tougher policies on foreigners, anti-espionage and other measures that resonate with a far-right audience but ones that experts say could undermine civil rights.
Takaichi also wants to increase defense spending in response to Trump’s pressure on Japan to loosen its purse strings.
In her campaign speeches, Takaichi stayed away from contentious issues and focused on the economy, tougher immigration and measures on foreigners, including tougher requirements for foreign property owners and a cap on foreign residents.
Record snowfall in northern Japan over the last few weeks, which blocked roads and was blamed for dozens of deaths nationwide, could hinder voting or delay vote counting in hard-hit areas.