The People’s Bank of China building in Beijing, China, on Dec. 15, 2022.
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China surprised markets by lowering a key short-term policy rate and its benchmark lending rates on Monday, in efforts to boost growth in the world’s second-largest economy.
The cuts come after China last week reported weaker-than-expected second-quarter economic data and its top leaders met for a plenum that occurs roughly every five years.
The country is verging on deflation and faces a prolonged property crisis, surging debt and weak consumer and business sentiment. Trade tensions are also flaring, as global leaders grow increasingly wary of China’s export dominance.
The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) said on Monday it would cut the seven-day reverse repo rate to 1.7% from 1.8%, and would also improve the mechanism of open market operations.
Minutes later, China cut benchmark lending rates by the same margin at the monthly fixing. The one-year loan prime rate (LPR) was lowered to 3.35% from 3.45% previously, while the five-year was reduced to 3.85% from 3.95%.
“The cut today is an unexpected move, likely due to the sharp slowdown in growth momentum in the second quarter as well as the call for ‘achieving this year’s growth target’ by the third plenum,” said Larry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie.
Ju Wang, head of Greater China FX & rates strategy at BNP Paribas, said that rising expectations for the Federal Reserve to start cutting interest rates also gave the PBOC room to maneuver its monetary easing.
The official Xinhua news agency cited unnamed sources close to the PBOC as saying the “decisive” rate cut showed its determination to bolster the recovery and it was in response to the plenum’s aims to achieve this year’s growth target.
Following the rate cuts, China’s yuan dropped to a near two-week low of 7.2750 per dollar before paring some losses.
Chinese sovereign bond yields fell across the curve, with 10-year and 30-year down as much as 3 basis points, before stabilizing at 2.24% and 2.45%, respectively.
China’s 30-year treasury futures for Sept 2024 delivery CTLU4 rose roughly 0.3% in early trade on Monday.
“The fact that PBOC didn’t wait for the Fed to cut first indicates that the government recognizes the downward pressure on China’s economy,” said Zhang Zhiwei, president and chief economist at Pinpoint Asset Management.
He expects more rate reductions in China after the Fed enters its rate cut cycle.
China’s rate cuts are aimed at “strengthening counter-cyclical adjustments to better support the real economy,” the PBOC said in a statement.
The announcement also comes after the PBOC said it would revamp its monetary policy transmission channel. PBOC Governor Pan Gongsheng said last month the seven-day reverse repo basically serves the function of the main policy rate.
“This is also a reflection of the improvement of the market-oriented interest rate mechanism,” Xinhua quoted the source as saying.